Over the past two decades, silicon integrated circuit (IC) technology has evolved so much and so quickly that the number of transistors per square millimeter has almost doubled in every eighteen months. Since the minimum channel length of transistors has been shrunk, transistors have also become faster. The evolution of IC technology has been driven mostly by the industry in digital circuits such as microprocessors and memories. As IC fabrication technology has advanced, more analog signal processing functions have been replaced by digital blocks. In this book few short answer questions are mentioned.