Circuit Design for CMOS VLSI

During the last decade, CMOS has become increasingly attractive as a basic integrated circuit technology due to its low power (at moderate frequencies), good scalability, and rail-to-rail operation. There are now a variety of CMOS circuit styles, some based on static complementary con- ductance properties, but others borrowing from earlier NMOS techniques and the advantages of using clocking disciplines for precharge-evaluate se- quencing. In this comprehensive book, the reader is led systematically through the entire range of CMOS circuit design. Starting with the in- dividual MOSFET, basic circuit building blocks are described, leading to a broad view of both combinatorial and sequential circuits. Once these circuits are considered in the light of CMOS process technologies, impor- tant topics in circuit performance are considered, including characteristics of interconnect, gate delay, device sizing, and I/O buffering. Basic circuits are then composed to form macro elements such as multipliers, where the reader acquires a unified view of architectural performance through par- allelism, and circuit performance through careful attention to circuit-level and layout design optimization. Topics in analog circuit design reflect the growing tendency for both analog and digital circuit forms to be combined on the same chip, and a careful treatment of BiCMOS forms introduces the reader to the combination of both FET and bipolar technologies on the same chip to provide improved performance.