Tanniferous leaves: natural anthelmintic for small ruminant production

Agriculture contributes 17% to Indias GDP and employs over 50% of the workforce, with animal husbandry playing a vital role in rural livelihoods. Goats (Capra hircus), known as the "poor mans cow," are crucial to socio-economic development, providing meat, milk, fibre, and skin. Their adaptability to diverse terrains makes them invaluable assets for resource-poor farmers.However, goat farming faces challenges from gastrointestinal parasites like helminths, which impair nutrient absorption, causing weight loss and reduced productivity. Free grazing exposes goats to higher parasite burdens, while overuse of anthelmintic drugs has led to drug resistance, threatening sustainability.Phytochemicals, particularly condensed tannins found in plant leaves, offer a promising alternative. These natural compounds reduce parasite loads, enhance protein bioavailability, and boost antioxidant and immune functions. Utilizing tannin-rich tree leaves in goat diets can transform parasite management, promoting sustainable practices and improving productivity and animal health.