Volumetric Chemical Analysis of Natural Waters

Water analysis is a basic tool to understand its quality, evaluate it and diagnose. Nowadays, everything related to water will soon become almost a need for knowledge, since less and less water is available, we use it and waste it, and in many cases it is abused. This text wants to contribute in some way to the study of this vital liquid. The text presents in a simple way, the chemical fundamentals for the analysis by basic volumetry, of the main components (bicarbonates, sulfates, chlorides, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, sodium and potassium) of natural waters such as lakes, dams, rivers, streams, canals, tanks, wells, springs and caves. The analytical proposals are presented from a "micro-scale" point of view, reducing the consumption of materials, reagents and analysis time and even being able to perform them in the field "in situ" in a simple and reliable way. Then, by means of data processing with the AqQA hydrochemical software of Rock Ware, it is possible to complement the basic analysis of natural waters.