Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals is an updated account of the different strategies for assessing the ecotoxicity of xenobiotics against these social insects, which play a key role in both ecology and agriculture. In addition to the classical acute laboratory test, semi-field cage tests and full field funnel tests, new tests based mainly on behavioral responses are clearly described for the first time. Information on the direct and indirect effects of radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides, semi-volatile organic compounds and genetically modified plants on honey bees is also presented.