Program scheduling and simulation in an operating system environment

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Computer Science - Commercial Information Technology, grade: A, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, language: English, abstract: CPU scheduling is a technique used by computer operating systems to manage the usage of the computers central processing unit. In a multi-programming environment whereby several processes are running on the same processor, it is essential to use scheduling criteria to avoid collisions in the computers operations. This will help users in a given information technology oriented firm to share server spaces and resources like printers and file storage spaces. In the multi-tasking environment, a program called CPU scheduler selects one of the ready processes and allocates the processor to it. There are a number of occasions when a new process can or must be chosen to run: When a running process block and changes its state to Blocked, When a timer for a running process expires, When a waiting process unblocks and changes its state to Ready, and When a running process terminates and changes its state to Exit (Wikipedia, 2013). Different types of scheduling programs referred to as algorithms can be employed in CPU scheduling instances. Among the most popular scheduling algorithms is Shortest Job First (SJF). SJF gives the processor to the process with the shortest next time allocation known as the burst. If there are processes with similar CPU bursts in the event queue, the scheduler uses First Come First Served algorithm which allocates the first process to arrive in the queue to the processor regardless of its burst time. It operates under the assumption that the length of the next CPU burst of each of the processes in ready queue is known (CPU scheduling, 2013). The SJF algorithm can be used in both pre-emptive and non-preemptive methods. The algorithm can be preemptive or not. Shortest Job First with preemption uses priority measure to determine the next process to be