Power Systems Harmonics : Fundamentals

The industrys widespread application of variable speed drives in the recent years accompanied by the electric utilitys increasing use of capacitor banks have set the basis for paying considerable attention to the quality of electric power and seriously addressing the issue of current and voltage distortion, a major form of which is harmonic distortion. Harmonic studies are aimed at computing bus harmonic voltages, branch harmonic currents, and voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD), as well as detecting resonance conditions. It is thus of great importance, when conducting harmonic studies, that system components are correctly mod- elled to ensure accurate and reliable harmonic distortion results. Commercial programs are available for the analysis of harmonic problems. International standards are further being developed to assess harmonic distortion. Chapter 2 of this text provides some preliminaries. Characteristics of harmonics and measures of harmonic distortion are illustrated. The use of capacitor banks for reactive power supply and power factor correction is dis- cussed. Resonance is explained. Origins of harmonic distortion are dealt with in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 is aimed at quantifying the effects of harmonic dis- tortion on power system equipment and loads. Chapter 5 is devoted to the methods of reduction of power system harmonics. Limits of allowable voltage and current harmonic distortion set by IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK stan- dards are presented in Chapter 6.