Ovarian cysts: ultrasound correlation and histological findings

Ovarian cysts are frequent in women of reproductive age, mostly functional and resolving spontaneously. Organic cysts are histologically diverse and require careful evaluation. Doppler ultrasound and tumor markers aid diagnosis, but histopathology remains the gold standard for classification and prognosis.In this study of 56 patients (mean age 39.8 years), pelvic pain (96.4%) was the main symptom. Ultrasound showed mostly unilateral, liquid cysts averaging 7.5 cm. CA-125 was elevated in 44% of tested cases. Surgical treatment was primarily laparoscopic cystectomy (73.2%).Histology revealed mostly epithelial tumors (80.4%), especially serous cystadenomas (42.9%), with 7.1% malignant and 5.5% borderline tumors. Ultrasound predicted tumor type in 53% of cases and malignancy signs in 80%, depending on operator expertise.These results confirm the key role of ultrasound and tumor markers in preoperative assessment and the necessity of histopathology for definitive diagnosis.